Endocrinology is the branch of medicine and biology that focuses on the endocrine system, its diseases, and the hormones it produces. Key Concepts: Endocrine System: A network of glands that produce and release hormones to regulate various functions in the body like metabolism, growth, reproduction, mood, and more. Hormones: Chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to organs and tissues, affecting how they function. Endocrinologist: A doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating hormone-related disorders. Major Endocrine Glands: Pituitary gland – the "master gland" controlling other glands Thyroid gland – regulates metabolism Adrenal glands – produce stress hormones like cortisol Pancreas – regulates blood sugar with insulin and glucagon Ovaries/Testes – produce sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone, testosterone) Common Conditions in Endocrinology: Diabetes mellitus Thyroid disorders (e.g., hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism) Growth disorders Adrenal insufficiency/Addison's disease Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) Menopause and hormonal imbalances