Cytology is the branch of biology and medicine that studies cells—their structure, function, and chemistry. Key Points about Cytology: Focuses on individual cells and their appearance under a microscope. Used to detect diseases, especially cancers, by examining cells collected from tissues or fluids. Commonly involved in screening tests like the Pap smear (used to detect cervical cancer). Helps in diagnosing infections, inflammations, and other cellular abnormalities. Techniques in Cytology: Cell sampling: Collecting cells via swabs, needle aspiration, or body fluids. Microscopic examination: Looking at cell shape, size, and organization. Staining: Applying dyes to highlight cellular components for better visualization.